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Online Ipamorelin

An online name, traced back to the experiments.

Ipamorelin bibliography

Start with the experiment that matches the question. The bibliography includes direct ipamorelin work, modified compounds and broader context.

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Human study reports

The Gobburu pharmacokinetic study follows intravenous ipamorelin and GH levels in healthy men. The Beck bowel-surgery trial tests a clinical recovery endpoint. Those human experiments get my first look when the question concerns a person’s treatment outcome or safety, followed by a look at how short their observation windows are.

For the original pharmacology, Raun and colleagues’ selectivity study is the central paper. The Johansen rat bone study and Lu ferret study ask different animal questions and give the literature much of its peculiar shape.

  1. Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. ↗
  2. Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416. ↗
  3. Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. ↗
  4. Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. ↗
  5. Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets; anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644. ↗
  6. Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161. ↗
  7. Devesa J, et al. The complex world of regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion: the role of ghrelin, klotho, and nesfatins in it. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:636403. ↗
  8. Dubreuil P, et al. The use of pigs as an animal model to evaluate the efficacy, potency and specificity of two growth hormone releasing factor analogues. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2001;11(3):173-186. ↗
  9. Coutinho LFD, et al. A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2026. ↗
  10. Gouda M, et al. The influence of ghrelin agonist ipamorelin acetate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in a cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Anim Reprod Sci. 2024;268:107550. ↗
  11. Hansen BS, et al. Pharmacological characterisation of a new oral GH secretagogue, NN703. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;141(2):180-189. ↗
  12. Yeung CM, et al. Seabream ghrelin: cDNA cloning, genomic organization and promoter studies. J Endocrinol. 2006;189(2):365-379. ↗
  13. Worm DJ, et al. A stable meta-carborane enables the generation of boron-rich peptide agonists targeting the ghrelin receptor. J Pept Sci. 2018;24(8-9):e3119. ↗
  14. Fowkes MM, et al. Peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogue derivatives for positron emission tomography imaging of the ghrelin receptor. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;157:1500-1511. ↗
  15. Rahman OF, et al. Therapeutic peptides in orthopaedics: applications, challenges, and future directions. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2026;10. ↗