The literature
Ipamorelin references: every figure on this site, traced to its source.
Peer-reviewed studies, with DOIs and PubMed identifiers, ordered as they are cited across the digest.
How to read this list
Every bracketed number across this site maps to one entry below. The list is ordered as the citations first appear in the digest, starting with the founding selectivity paper [1] and the human pharmacokinetic study [2]. Where a claim names a quantitative figure — a dose, a half-life, an effect size — it is tied to one of these sources. Each entry carries a DOI and, where available, a PubMed identifier so any reader can verify the original.
- Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. ↗
- Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416. ↗
- Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. ↗
- Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. ↗
- Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets; anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644. ↗
- Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161. ↗
- Devesa J, et al. The complex world of regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion: the role of ghrelin, klotho, and nesfatins in it. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:636403. ↗
- Sondergaard LG, et al. The use of pigs as an animal model to evaluate the efficacy, potency and specificity of growth hormone secretagogues. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2001;11(5):278-285. ↗
- Coutinho LFD, et al. A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2026. ↗
- Gouda M, et al. The influence of ghrelin agonist ipamorelin acetate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in a cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Anim Reprod Sci. 2024;268:107550. ↗
- Hansen BS, et al. Pharmacological characterisation of a new oral GH secretagogue, NN703. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;141(2):180-189. ↗
- Yeung CM, et al. Seabream ghrelin: cDNA cloning, genomic organization and promoter studies. J Endocrinol. 2006;189(2):365-379. ↗
- Worm DJ, et al. A stable meta-carborane enables the generation of boron-rich peptide agonists targeting the ghrelin receptor. J Pept Sci. 2018;24(8-9):e3119. ↗
- Fowkes MM, et al. Peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogue derivatives for positron emission tomography imaging of the ghrelin receptor. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;157:1500-1511. ↗
- Rahman OF, et al. Therapeutic peptides in orthopaedics: applications, challenges, and future directions. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2026;10. ↗